You are pregnant and probably can’t wait to hold your baby in your arms. Before the exciting time as a little family begins, you may want to use the last weeks of uninterrupted togetherness with your partner to take a trip. Or perhaps your job requires you to fly from time to time. But is flying safe for you and your unborn child? In this article, you’ll learn whether flying is risky for you and your baby—and what you should keep in mind.
What are the risks and limitations?
In some cases, pregnant women are advised not to fly from the outset. This may apply, for example, if you have a tendency to thrombosis or a cardiovascular disease. If any of these apply to you, you should definitely consult your gynecologist before planning a flight. If your pregnancy is progressing without complications, flying with a baby bump is generally possible. However, there are some risk factors you should be aware of.
Lower oxygen content in the inhaled air
You may have experienced it while hiking: the higher the ascent, the less oxygen is available for breathing. Even though the oxygen pressure in airplanes is artificially increased, it is still lower than what we are accustomed to on the ground. However, the concern that your unborn child’s oxygen supply might be affected is unfounded: researchers have found that an embryo’s heart beats just as fast during takeoff, landing, and at cruising altitude as it does on Earth—meaning it is supplied with oxygen optimally.
Risk of thrombosis
During pregnancy, the risk of thrombosis—a blood clot in the veins—is generally increased. Due to prolonged sitting and limited mobility, the risk is even higher on long-haul flights. Therefore, make sure to drink enough fluids during the flight. If possible, stand up intermittently or move your legs while seated to help prevent a blood clot. Even if they don’t look very noticeable, it is also recommended to wear compression stockings during the flight to help prevent thrombosis.
Cosmic ray exposure
In general, you are exposed to an increased level of so-called cosmic radiation during every flight. The rule is: exposure increases with the duration of the flight and with proximity to the poles. On long-haul flights, the radiation dose is roughly equivalent to an X-ray of the upper body. However, whether cosmic radiation actually poses a danger is controversial: some doctors advise pregnant women in the first months of pregnancy to avoid air travel, especially long-distance flights, as the radiation could potentially cause birth defects early in pregnancy. Other experts generally consider cosmic radiation to be harmless to mother and child. If you have to fly frequently for work or are unsure, definitely consult your gynecologist for advice.
Restrictions on choosing the travel country
Depending on how far along your pregnancy is, entry into certain countries may be restricted or not possible at all. In the USA, for example, pregnant women may be denied entry if it is feared that their child could be born in the country, as this would automatically grant them U.S. citizenship. For this reason, proof of adequate health insurance and plans to leave the USA before the due date are also required upon entry. In Singapore, a so-called "Social Visit Pass" is required for entry from the 6th month of pregnancy, which confirms that your stay is a short-term private visit. You can apply for this in advance at the embassy or consulate. To minimize the risk of infection, doctors also advise pregnant women against traveling to yellow fever and malaria areas. It is best to inform yourself in good time about the regulations applicable to your chosen destination.
When is the best time to fly during pregnancy?
1st Trimester
Whether flying during the first trimester increases the risk of fetal malformations is controversial. Nonetheless, the first three months of pregnancy may not be the best time to travel. Many women experience nausea and discomfort early in pregnancy and can hardly imagine getting on a plane anyway.
2nd Trimester
The second trimester of pregnancy is considered ideal for flying: the first, sensitive period of pregnancy with its possible initial problems is over, and many expectant mothers feel renewed energy. At the same time, your belly is probably not yet large enough to make flying uncomfortable.
3rd trimester
Even in the third and final trimester, you can still fly without any issues—if certain conditions are met. The primary factors are how you feel and whether you feel comfortable taking a flight. When in doubt, you should always consult your midwife or your doctor. The further along your pregnancy is, the greater the risk of an unplanned birth. Most airlines therefore require a medical certificate from a certain week of pregnancy to allow a pregnant woman to fly. The certificate must confirm a complication-free pregnancy and your fitness to fly, issued by your doctor. When this becomes necessary varies between airlines, but it is usually from the 34th to the 36th week of pregnancy, and for multiple pregnancies typically from the 29th week. It’s best to check directly with the airline you plan to fly with.
What should you pay attention to when flying?
Before the flight
Inform your airline well in advance about your pregnancy. This way, for example, you may be entitled to priority check-in and boarding and can avoid long periods of standing and waiting. With a bit of luck, you may get a seat at the emergency exit or at least by the aisle, so you can stretch your legs in between. Additionally, you’ll find out whether you need a medical certificate.
Even if you feel good at the time of booking, it is advisable to take out travel cancellation insurance just in case. If you are unable to take the flight or decide not to, you will at least get part of the costs refunded.
Find out about medical services at the destination. Knowing a (possibly German-speaking) contact person on site can save time and nerves in an emergency.
Schedule an appointment with your gynecologist shortly before your departure day. They can tell you whether there are any concerns about your flight, issue the necessary certificate if needed, and send you off on your journey with peace of mind.
Carry your maternity record and a copy of it with you during the flight, just to be safe. You may need to show it at check-in, and it should always be within reach in case of emergency.
By making all necessary preparations in good time and leaving with enough lead time to get to the airport, you can avoid unnecessary stress on the day of departure.
During the flight
Choose loose, comfortable clothing on the day of the flight so you stay comfortable even on a long-haul flight.
Wear compression stockings for the duration of the flight to minimize the risk of blood clots.
Fasten the belt below your baby bump so it doesn’t dig in and, in the event of turbulence, doesn’t put pressure on your belly.
Drink enough water during the flight to support your circulation and blood flow.
If possible, get up and walk around every now and then. Movement also stimulates blood circulation.
As long as you are healthy and your pregnancy is progressing without complications, there is nothing to stop you from taking a flight with a baby bump. The decision to fly depends on how you feel and your doctor’s assessment. If you’re using the flight for a getaway with your partner, you’ll find everything you need to know about what may be your last vacation for two in our magazine article " ".
We wish you and your baby a good flight and a relaxing journey!
